Gamdom Casino

Gamdom Casino Review

Since its debut in 2016, Gamdom has established a reputation on two foundations: legitimate operations and quick cryptocurrency transactions. The platform is regulated by two licenses: one from Moon Revolution Limitada (Anjouan Gaming AOFA) and one from Smein Hosting N.V. (Curaçao Gaming Control Board GCB). Although Curaçao licensing is mid-tier supervision when compared to more stringent jurisdictions like Malta or the UK, these licenses place Gamdom under regulatory authority.

Gamdom's Safety Index is rated at 9.8 out of 10 by unbiased reviews, placing it among the safest online casinos in terms of fair conditions, few complaints in relation to size, and open business practices. Millions of transactions are processed via the site every month, and there are no withdrawal issues that plague smaller businesses.

What Sets Gamdom Apart

The platform supports more than 20 language markets and accepts 20 different cryptocurrencies in addition to over a dozen fiat currencies. Due to this multi-currency, multilingual strategy, players from Tokyo to Toronto may use the same features without being hampered by geography.

Players looking for an established platform should consider options on Best Online Casinos, where Gamdom competes with other verified operators.

The Evolution Story

In 2016, Gamdom started out as a Counter-Strike group, made significant adjustments in 2018, and then switched completely to cryptocurrency in 2020. The platform's DNA reflects this change, with provably fair mechanics that appeal to crypto-native consumers, chat rain features akin to Twitch culture, and competitive leaderboards taken from esports culture.

Daniel BorgContent Writer & Slot Reviewer

Platforms that evolved from gaming communities often understand player psychology better than traditional casinos. Gamdom's chat features and social rewards aren't gimmicks—they're core retention tools that traditional operators spent years trying to replicate.

Gamdom Casino Bonuses

Instead of offering typical deposit match bonuses, Gamdom now utilizes a rakeback-based system that rewards all gameplay. This change in mindset means that players make money from every wager as opposed to trying to meet meaningless wagering criteria.

Welcome Offer: 15% Boosted Rakeback

The first seven days, new players are eligible for a 15% immediate rakeback. It functions as follows:

• Activation Window: Claim within 6 hours of registration.
• Duration: 7 consecutive days.
• Calculation: 15% of total wagers returned automatically.
• Wagering Requirements: None on rakeback (initial deposits typically require 1x rollover).
• Claim Process: Manual activation via Rewards Page.

This offer reverses the traditional bonus structure. With no complicated playthrough calculations or maximum cashout restrictions, a player who wagers $10,000 in their first week receives $1,500 back immediately.

Rewards 2.0: The Loyalty Framework

Rewards 2.0, a tiered progression system with 24 stages divided among eight tiers—Bronze, Silver, Gold, Emerald, Sapphire, Ruby, Diamond, and Opal—replaced Gamdom's previous VIP structure.

Royalty Up Rewards unlock at each level transition. These incentives increase with your rank, giving you immediate benefit from moving up the ranks. VIP managers are said to be accessible to top-tier members practically around the clock, resolving problems in minutes as opposed to hours.

Sweet Holiday Chase: $5M Prize Pool

This Pragmatic Play deal distributes rewards over eight weekly drops starting November 19, 2025, and ending January 14, 2026:

• Total Prize Pool: $5,000,000.
• Weekly Prizes: 125,000 instant prizes per week.
• Prize Types: Bet multipliers (5x to 500x), 5 or 10 free spins.
• Participating Games: 16 Christmas-themed titles including Sweet Bonanza Xmas, Gates of Olympus Xmas 1000, Big Bass Christmas Bash.
• Maximum Prize: $500 (500x multiplier capped at $1 bet).
• Wagering Requirements: Zero.

Prize drops are available for any wager made on slots that are part of the game. A weekly drop with a maximum of one prize per player prevents monopolization.

Additional Promotions

• Gamdom Jackpot Hunt: Increase the bet amount by $0.20 every spin on Penguin King games in order to be eligible for the jackpot. The progressive jackpots rise as more people play, and in bonus rounds, 30 balls drop into reward zones; you win cash prizes if you get 10 in one place.
• King of the Hill: The top 1,000 players in the leaderboard tournament are awarded prizes every month. Even at position 1,000, the $200,000 first-place prize is still a $60 consolation. Gamdom Originals (33% for Dice), live casino games (25%), and slots (25% efficiency) are all ways to gain points.position 1,000. Points are earned through Gamdom Originals (33% for Dice), live casino (25%), and slots (25% efficiency).
• Combo of the Week: The weekly combination is when sports gamblers compete for a $100 tip by constructing the most unique parlays. Every Monday, winners are recognized and awarded bonuses.
• Rain Rewards (Rainbot): Every few minutes, automated systems and chat moderators send free money into community chat. The quantity of your claim is determined by your level of activity and player tier.

Visit Play Free Slots to experiment with bonus hunting methods in a safe environment.

A Huge Game Library

Although promotional materials sometimes assert that Gamdom has over 6,000 casino games, there are actually over 7,000. Regional availability differences and the rate at which new providers are being added are reflected in the discrepancy.

Game Categories

Slots

Gamdom's library is based on thousands of Video Slots from the best providers. The majority of RTPs are in the range of 94% to 99%, with the majority falling between 96% and 97%. The following are a few of the most popular titles:

• Sweet Bonanza.
• The Dog House.
• Wanted Dead or a Wild.
• Rip City.

Table Games

Traditional casino staples include roulette variations, blackjack variations, baccarat, and casino hold'em. Video poker games like Jacks or Better and Joker Poker are available for poker lovers who don't have live opponents.

Live Dealer

Games are streamed in high definition from reputable studios operated by Evolution Gaming, Pragmatic Play Live, and other companies. Some of the choices are:

• Xxxtreme Lightning Roulette.
• Crazy Time.
• Monopoly Live.
• Infinite Blackjack.
• Live Baccarat.
• Dream Catcher.
• Mega Wheel.

Gamdom Originals

Exclusive titles made for the platform:

• Crash: Observe a multiplier increase from 1.00x. To ensure your victory, cash out before the fall. With auto-cashout capabilities, you can specify target multipliers.
  
  
• Roulette: A streamlined horizontal wheel with three colors and numbers ranging from 0 to 100. The Green (0) pays 14 times, the Red (1–7) pays twice, and the Black (8–14) pays twice.
  
  
• HiLo: Guess whether the following card will be higher or lower. The multiplier for cards 2–9 is 1. 5x; the payoff for color bets (red/black) is 2x; the multipliers for Aces and Kings are 6x; and the multiplier for Jokers is 24x.
  
  
• Dice: Predict whether the result will be above or below your target by using a slider that goes from 0 to 100. The multipliers and probability of winning fluctuate in real time as you move the slider.
  
  
• Additional originals featuring straightforward mechanics and up to 100% RTP include Pirate Rush, Pocket Dice, Mines, and Limbo.

Demo Mode Availability

The majority of games provide demo versions that may be played without signing up. Players may evaluate mechanics, volatility, and features without risk since the virtual currency reloads after each session. Because of their nature, live dealer games are still only available for real money.

Finding Games

The following are some examples of navigational instruments:

• Provider Filter: Choose from over 60 facilities.
• Browse by Category: Hot, New, Top, Jackpots, Megaways, Buy Bonus features.
• Search Bar: Type exact names.
• Theme Tags: Egypt, Vikings, Fruits, Sports, Ancient Greece.

Alphabetical Sort: Either an A-Z or a Z-A order.

Go to Pragmatic Play Slots for in-depth reviews of this significant provider if you're looking into certain providers.

Software Providers

Gamdom collaborates with more than 60 gaming firms, ranging from market leaders to niche developers:

Tier 1 Providers

• Pragmatic Play: has over 200 slots, some of which are well-known titles like Sweet Bonanza and Gates of Olympus.
• NetEnt: Traditional games such Starburst and Gonzo's Quest.
• Evolution Gaming: The live dealer market's top company.
• Play'n GO: Superior graphics and creative gameplay.
• Hacksaw Gaming: Renowned for its high-volatility slots.

Additional Studios

• Relax Gaming;
• Big Time Gaming;
• Thunderkick;
• Betsoft;
• Microgaming;
• Nolimit City (visit Nolimit City Slots for reviews);
• Winfinity;
• BGaming;
• OneTouch;
• Endorphina;
• Spinomenal;
• TaDa Gaming;
• QuickSpin;
• ZeusPlay;
• Golden Race.

This variety guarantees that players are constantly exposed to new material. Hundreds of games are added each year through new provider partnerships.

For comprehensive provider analysis, explore Best Casino Providers.

Payment Methods

Although Gamdom advocates a crypto-first strategy, it still takes fiat currency in some locations. Knowing which strategies are effective for deposits and withdrawals can help prevent frustration.

Cryptocurrency Options (Deposit + Withdrawal)

Gamdom only allows cryptocurrency withdrawals and accepts deposits in more than a dozen different cryptocurrencies:

• Bitcoin (BTC);
• Ethereum (ETH);
• Tether (USDT);
• Litecoin (LTC);
• USD Coin (USDC);
• Tron (TRX);
• Ripple (XRP);
• Dogecoin (DOGE);
• Solana (SOL);
• Bitcoin Cash (BCH);
• USDT (TRC-20);
• USDC (Solana).

Advantages:

• Minimum deposits as low as $1 equivalent.
• Instant deposits (blockchain confirmation dependent).
• Withdrawals processed within minutes to hours.
• No maximum withdrawal limits.
• Anonymous transactions (no forced KYC for crypto users under threshold).

Fiat Currency Options (Deposit Only)

Conventional means of payment able to deposit money but not make withdrawals:

Cards:

• Visa;
• Mastercard.

E-Wallets:

• Skrill;
• PayPal;
• Apple Pay;
• Google Pay;
• Ecopayz.

Other:

• Bank transfers;
• Paysafecard;
• Trustly.

Supported Fiat Currencies: USD, JPY, EUR, RUB, CAD, KRW, TRY, NOK, NGN, NZD, PLN, CZK.

MoonPay Integration

Using MoonPay, gamers may buy cryptocurrency directly through Gamdom. There is no need to utilize different exchanges since you can simply select "Purchase Crypto", select your payment option (card or bank transfer), and get crypto into your Gamdom wallet in a matter of minutes.

Transaction Limits and Fees

Critical Note: Fiat deposits must be converted to cryptocurrency in order to be withdrawn. Withdrawing money requires first converting the balance to Bitcoin, Ethereum, or another supported cryptocurrency, and you may make a $100 deposit using Visa.

Explore more banking options at Casino Payment Methods for cross-platform comparisons.

How to Deposit and Withdraw at Gamdom Casino

Depositing Funds

Step 1: Log into your Gamdom account, or create one if necessary.

Step 2: Tap the wallet symbol (desktop: top right; mobile: bottom navigation).

Step 3: Choose Deposit from the menu.

Step 4: Select your payment method:

• For cryptocurrency, choose a currency, copy your unique wallet address or scan the QR code, and transfer money from your own wallet.
• For fiat: choose card/e-wallet, input amount, and confirm payment through processor.

Step 5: Wait for verification. Fiat deposits process quickly; blockchain confirmations are needed for crypto deposits (depends on the currency).

Step 6: Keep the balance up to date automatically. If delays occur beyond anticipated timelines, check transaction history.

Withdrawing Winnings

Several critics have complimented the speed of withdrawals, noting that transactions ranging from $20 to $20,000 are often processed in minutes.

Step 1: Go to your wallet.

Step 2: Click "Withdraw".

Step 3: Choose cryptocurrency. Keep in mind that regardless of the method of deposit, withdrawals are only processed through cryptocurrency.

Step 4: Enter the amount you want to withdraw (the minimum amount varies by cryptocurrency, but is usually between $10 and $20).

Step 5: Give your personal wallet address. Since crypto transactions are irreversible, it's important to double-check accuracy.

Step 6: Verify the transaction. Two-factor authentication (2FA) may be necessary for certain accounts.

Step 7: Wait for processing. The majority of withdrawals take between 15 minutes and two hours. Keep track of the transaction history's status.

Verification Requirements

Users of cryptocurrencies may play anonymously on Gamdom, up to certain limits, without needing mandatory KYC. Nonetheless:

• Verification criteria may be brought on by significant withdrawal requests.
• Accounts are flagged for manual review based on dubious behavior.
• With support requesting documents before releasing funds, some players claim that their accounts were blocked while attempting big withdrawals.

When verification is turned on, Gamdom typically asks for the following information:

• An official form of identification provided by the government, such a driver's license or passport.
• address verification (bank statement or utility bill from the previous 90 days).
• a picture of myself holding my ID and a piece of paper with the current date.
• Evidence of the payment method's ownership.

Depending on the severity of the verification problem and the clarity of communication, response times range from instantaneous to many days.

Daniel BorgContent Writer & Slot Reviewer

The crypto-first model means most players never face KYC. However, sudden verification requests during withdrawal attempts create friction. Gamdom's approach protects against fraud but can feel punitive when documentation requirements appear unexpectedly. Keep documents ready if playing high stakes.

See Best Visa Casinos and Best Mastercard Casinos for examples of how traditional payment methods operate in other places when comparing platforms.

Mobile Compatibility

Although Gamdom doesn't have specialized mobile applications for iOS and Android, its browser-based interface is completely responsive.

Browser Experience

HTML5 technology powers the mobile site's delivery of:

• Fast Loading: Pages and games take 2–3 seconds to load over 4G/5G networks.
• Adaptive Interface: Layouts dynamically adjust to screen sizes between 4-inch smartphones and 13-inch tablets.
• Full Access to All Functions: All games, deposits, withdrawals, customer care, and chat all operate in the same manner as they do on a desktop computer.
• Touch Optimization: Buttons and menus react to taps and swipes without the need for a desktop hover.

Navigation Differences

Desktop Layout:

• The menu, wallet, and support are located in the top navigation bar.
• Live chat is shown in the left sidebar.
• The center screen is covered by the game grid.

Mobile Layout:

• The hamburger menu, chat, and wallet icons are located at the bottom bar.
• Gestures of swiping browse categories.
• Games are displayed using vertical scrolling.

Game Performance

Live dealer games and slots stream without interruption via mobile connections. The results of testing on 4G networks were as follows:

• Slots: 60 frames per second gameplay without frame loss.
• Live Dealer: Video feeds ranging from 720p to 1080p with no buffering.
• Originals (Crash, Dice): Updates in real-time with a delay of fewer than 50 milliseconds.

On contemporary smartphones, the battery usage is still reasonable, with 25–30% of the battery being depleted by two hours of nonstop slot play.

Workaround for App Fans

Make a shortcut for the home screen:

№1. Use a mobile browser to open Gamdom (Safari for iOS, Chrome for Android).

№2. Access the browser menu (share icon on iOS, three dots on Android).

№3. Choose Add to Home Screen.

№4. The device displays the icon as if it were a native application.

№5. To get immediate access without having to use a browser, tap the icon.

Performance Comparison Table

The primary drawback is the lack of push alerts for rain events and promotions. Desktop users may leave chat windows open, but mobile users must actively check.

Is the Gamdom Casino Trustworthy?

Licensing and Regulation

The two licenses under which Gamdom operates are:

• Anjouan Gaming (AOFA) - Moon Revolution Limitada (License ALSI-152406043-FI).
• Curaçao Gaming Control Board (GCB) - Smein Hosting N.V.

These licenses ensure that business is carried out lawfully under the appropriate supervision, even if Curaçao's regulatory structure is only in the middle tier. While jurisdictions with stricter rules, such the Malta Gaming Authority and the UK Gambling Commission, provide better consumer protection, Curaçao licenses permit faster payouts and fewer geographic restrictions.

Security Measures

• 128-Bit SSL Encryption: All data transmissions between users and Gamdom servers are encrypted using industry-standard protocols. During transmission, financial and personal information remains secure.
• Provably Fair Technology: Gamdom creates 10 million SHA256 hashes every game for its originals. By comparing published hash chains to their unique results, players may confirm that the game's conclusion was not tampered with.

Verification procedure:

№1. Before the start of rounds, Gamdom releases a hash.

№2. Players make bets.

№3. The conclusion of the game is predetermined.

№4. The game's conclusion is confirmed by comparing it to the hash that was released in advance.

№5. The impossibility of retroactive adjustments.

In contrast to traditional RNG systems where players rely on algorithms they cannot see, this transparency goes above and beyond.

Safety Index and Reputation

Gamdom is one of the safest online casinos, according to its 9.8/10 Safety Index from Casino Guru. This score takes into account:

• Reasonable terms and conditions.
• Few complaints in comparison to the scale of operations.
• No blacklist.
• Financial security.

Despite a few reports of account bans during large withdrawals, Webopedia reviews point out a spotless reputation and hardly any negative reviews online.

Known Issues

Rarely do reports of accounts being banned in the middle of a withdrawal, especially for large amounts ($100,000+), make their way to the media. Typical cases include:

• The player gains a significant sum.
• Withdrawal requests are subject to a manual review.
• The need for KYC confirmation.
• pending investigation, the account is currently suspended.
• Players claim to have gotten generic responses lacking precise information about their violations.

Although most cases are settled after the documents are submitted, the wait time might range from days to weeks. Gamdom is protected from fraud by the practice, but genuine winners are made anxious.

Third-Party Audits

The fairness of RNG is checked on a regular basis by independent laboratories such as eCobra. These audits support the conclusion that game results are still unpredictable and fair.

Restricted Countries

Gamdom prohibits signups from certain jurisdictions:

• United States;
• United Kingdom;
• Netherlands;
• Austria;
• Hungary;
• Gibraltar;
• Isle of Man;
• Jersey;
• Luxembourg.

Using a VPN is against the terms of service and may result in the closure of your account. Instead of getting around obstacles, players from restricted areas should look for licenced options.

Daniel BorgContent Writer & Slot Reviewer

Gamdom's 9.8 safety rating reflects solid fundamentals: proper licensing, transparent technology, and financial stability. The account ban complaints during large withdrawals represent the main trust risk. Most resolve positively, but the pattern suggests manual reviews prioritize fraud prevention over customer experience. High rollers should maintain documentation and expect potential verification delays.

Responsible Gaming at Gamdom Online Casino

In order to promote responsible gambling, Gamdom utilizes a variety of tools:

Account Controls

• Deposit Limits: Establish daily, weekly, or monthly deposit limitations. Limitations are activated right away and prevent exceeding particular amounts.
• Wagering Limits: Impose limits on the amount of bets you can make in each game.
• Loss Limits: Automatically stop play when established loss criteria are met.
• Session Time Limits: Get notifications or compulsory breaks after extended periods of gameplay.

Self-Exclusion Options

• Temporary Exclusion: Block account access for 24 hours, 7 days, 30 days, or 6 months. Cannot be revoked after activation.
• Permanent Exclusion: Close account indefinitely with no reactivation option.

Support Resources

Gamdom has connections to outside support groups:

• Gamblers Anonymous: An international network of support groups.
• GamCare: Counseling and assistance in the UK.
• BeGambleAware: Educational and informational materials.
• National Council on Problem Gambling: US-focused aid.

Reality Check Features

Players are regularly reminded of the session length and net win/loss via pop-up notifications. These disruptions offer opportunities for reflection before resuming play.

Age Verification

You must confirm that you are the legal age to gamble in order to register (18+ globally, 21+ in some jurisdictions). Although Gamdom has a zero-tolerance policy for underage gambling, it primarily relies on self-declaration unless there are other factors that warrant mandatory identification verification.

Best Practices

Players who are concerned about their betting behaviors should:

№1. Prior to the session, set firm budgets.

№2. Consider gambling to be a leisure cost rather than a source of income.

№3. Never increase the amount of your bet in an effort to make up for a loss.

№4. Take regular breaks every 30 to 60 minutes.

№5. While under the influence of alcohol or drugs, refrain from gambling.

№6. Seek help immediately if gambling is causing you financial or emotional distress.

Responsible gaming tools are only useful if they are utilized proactively. The effectiveness of solutions is diminished by waiting until difficulties worsen.

My Experience with Gamdom's Support Team

It was necessary to develop situations ranging from straightforward queries to complicated problems in order to assess the quality of support.

Test 1: Live Chat Response Time

• Question: How does the rakeback system figure out percentages?
• Method: Live chat available through the support button, which may be found at the bottom right of the desktop or at the bottom of the mobile device's navigation bar.
• Response Time: 4 minutes to connect with agent "Maya".
• Quality: The agent provided a thorough breakdown of how tier advancement impacts percentages, including immediate rakeback (real-time calculation), weekly rakeback (calculated weekly), and monthly rakeback (longer-term returns). The answer gave instances: At the Bronze tier, you receive a 5% rakeback right away. When you reach Gold, it increases to 8%.
• Follow-up: Inquired about the criteria for the Rewards 2.0 level. The agent explained point accumulation as follows: 25% efficiency in live casinos and slots, 33% in games like dice, and variable sports betting depending on the market.
• Overall: Professional and informed. A small delay in connecting, but thorough responses when connected.

Test 2: Email Support

• Question: I want to make a withdrawal from my Visa deposit. What steps are involved?
• Method: Send an email to [email protected].
• Response Time: 3 hours 17 minutes.
• Quality: The support team stated that a cryptocurrency wallet is required for withdrawal and that fiat deposits are converted into platform currency. provided a step-by-step guide on how to set up a cryptocurrency wallet and begin your initial cryptocurrency withdrawal. Included reminders for the wallet address's correctness in order to improve security.
• Overall: The wait was longer than the promised two hours, but the comprehensive explanation eliminated the need for further questions.

Test 3: Complex Verification Issue (Hypothetical)

The most challenging support situations, according to user evaluations, are verification demands made during withdrawals. According to players, account investigations provide the same generic answers without updates. Popular frustrations:

• Requests for more paperwork after KYC has been first submitted.
• Inaccurate descriptions of the causes of manual account review.
• Waiting days for updates on your status.
• There are communication barriers between compliance and front-line assistance teams.

Support Channel Comparison

Language Support

With multilingual agents serving important markets, support operates in more than 20 languages. Priority staffing is given to English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Chinese.

Support Quality Summary

Strengths:

• Quick live chat connections for common inquiries.
• Competent agents who can explain complicated systems in simple terms.
• Various contact methods cater to varied needs.
• Time zone annoyances are avoided by around-the-clock availability.

Weaknesses:

• There is no phone assistance, which restricts choices for time-sensitive situations.
• Inquiries regarding compliance and verification are answered in a slower, more general manner.
• Account investigations induce worry because of communication failures.
• Sometimes the response time for emails surpasses the advertised two-hour window.

Daniel BorgContent Writer & Slot Reviewer

Gamdom's frontline support handles standard inquiries well—agents know the platform and provide useful guidance. The weak point emerges during compliance-related issues like large withdrawal verifications. The disconnect between support representatives and back-office compliance creates information vacuums where players wait days for updates with minimal communication. This isn't unique to Gamdom but remains frustrating for affected users.

Conclusion

In the crowded cryptocurrency casino market, Gamdom has carved out a niche for itself by placing a high value on transparency, community, and efficiency. The platform demonstrates adaptability by moving from CS:GO skin betting to a complete casino service and by having a 9. 8 Safety Index, which shows operational maturity.

What Works: Compared to conventional match bonuses that are hidden behind 35x wagering restrictions, the rakeback-first bonus approach offers greater clarity. Promises are generally fulfilled with rapid cryptocurrency withdrawals, which fosters confidence through predictability. Gamdom Originals with demonstrably fair technology provide unique experiences not available anyplace else, while the 6,000+ game library from over 60 providers guarantees diversity.

Beyond the game's quality, social elements like live chat rain, King of the Hill leaderboards, and community competitions make it sticky. Players come back for the environment as well as slots. The reason dedicated users ignore infrequent support gaps is due to this community-first strategy.

Where Caution Applies: The main trust risk is related to the account verification issues associated with big withdrawals. Significant winners may experience unexpected prohibitions and lengthy verification processes, which cause worry during what should be happy occasions. Although the majority of cases have positive outcomes, the pattern indicates that manual reviews place a higher priority on fraud prevention than on the user experience.

The crypto-only withdrawal policy forces players to use cryptocurrency, regardless of whether they like it or not. You must convert your balance to Bitcoin or Ethereum in order to withdraw a $500 Visa deposit, which makes the procedure more difficult and may result in conversion costs.

Mid-tier Curaçao licencing strikes a balance between operational flexibility and consumer protection, which is less than what is offered in more regulated jurisdictions. Consider options that are regulated in Malta or the United Kingdom if you want the highest level of regulatory oversight.

Our Verdict

Gamdom is a good fit for users who are comfortable with cryptocurrency and value community features, openness, and speed. The platform lives up to its fundamental promises: a large selection of games, verifiable fairness, and timely payments.

Traditional casinos with deposit match bonuses and fiat-friendly banking may be favored by beginners. But those who are prepared to utilize crypto wallets gain access to one of the most technically advanced platforms in the market, complete with real-time withdrawals—a notable rarity.